Wound healing is one of the most fundamental and complex biological processes in the human body, and at the core of our work at Asclepii.

It’s not just about “closing a wound” — it’s a coordinated, multi-phase process where cells, proteins, and biochemical signals work together to restore tissue structure and function. This happens in four phases:

1. Hemostasis (Seconds to Minutes)  

   The first and fastest response. Blood vessels constrict and platelets aggregate to form a clot, preventing further bleeding. Platelets aggregate at the wound site, releasing clotting factors and forming a fibrin-rich clot that serves as a temporary barrier and matrix for incoming cells.

2. Inflammation (Hours to Days)  

   Immune cells — primarily neutrophils and macrophages — arrive at the wound site.  

   They work to clear debris, pathogens, and damaged cells, while releasing signals to recruit the next wave of healing agents. Beyond this cleanup role, immune cells also secrete cytokines and growth factors, which recruit fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes to the site, setting the stage for tissue regeneration.

3. Proliferation (Days to Weeks)  

   New tissue begins to form. Fibroblasts deposit new extracellular matrix components, primarily collagen, while endothelial cells drive angiogenesis — the formation of new blood vessels essential for oxygen and nutrient supply. At the same time, keratinocytes proliferate and migrate across the wound bed to restore the epidermal barrier in a process known as re-epithelialization.

4. Remodeling (Weeks to Months)  

   Collagen fibers are reorganized, unnecessary cells undergo apoptosis, and the tissue gradually regains strength and structure — though it may never fully match the original architecture.

At Asclepii, our research and product development are deeply informed by these mechanisms. We believe that effective biomedical materials — whether scaffolds, hydrogels, or future platforms like Artemis — must complement and support each phase of the healing process, not interfere with it. By understanding wound healing at the cellular and molecular level, we can design smarter solutions that work with the body, not against it.

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📄 References:  

1. Gurtner, G. C., et al. (2008). Wound repair and regeneration. *Nature*, 453(7193), 314–321.  

2. Rodrigues, M., et al. (2019). Wound Healing: A Cellular Perspective. *Physiological Reviews*, 99(1), 665–706.  

3. Eming, S. A., et al. (2014). Wound repair and regeneration: Mechanisms, signaling, and translation. *Science Translational Medicine*, 6(265), 265sr6.